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SQL Operators

SQL Operators Overview

SQL operators include arithmetic, comparison, and logical operators for building query conditions.

Introduction to SQL Operators

SQL operators are fundamental elements used in SQL statements to perform operations on data. They are essential for forming query conditions, manipulating data, and filtering results. SQL operators can be broadly classified into three categories: arithmetic operators, comparison operators, and logical operators.

Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations on numerical data. They include addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus operations. Here are some common arithmetic operators:

  • + : Addition
  • - : Subtraction
  • * : Multiplication
  • / : Division
  • % : Modulus (returns the remainder of a division)

Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare two values. They determine whether a condition is true or false, making them crucial for filtering data in SQL queries. Some of the most commonly used comparison operators include:

  • = : Equal to
  • != or <> : Not equal to
  • > : Greater than
  • < : Less than
  • >= : Greater than or equal to
  • <= : Less than or equal to

Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine multiple conditions in SQL queries. They help in forming complex query conditions and include:

  • AND : Returns true if both conditions are true
  • OR : Returns true if at least one condition is true
  • NOT : Reverses the result of a condition

Conclusion

Understanding SQL operators is crucial for anyone working with databases. They provide the functionality needed to perform calculations, filter data, and combine multiple conditions to form meaningful queries. Mastering these operators will enhance your ability to build complex and efficient SQL statements.

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